Global Warming (Convention on Climatic Change 1992, Kyoto Conference and Pact on Global Warming 1997)

Global Warming :( Convention on Climatic Change 1992, Kyoto Conference and Pact on Global Warming 1997)

NOTE: The Questions May be as

·       What is meant by Global Warming? How does it effect on Environment?

·       Explain the salient features of Kyoto Protocol 1997

·       Write a note on Global Environmental issues

·       Explain what steps have been taken under convention of climatic change, 1992, Kyoto Conference, 1997 and Get 1998 to control global warming.

Answer:

·      Introduction

·      Convention on Climatic Change1992 (Green House Effect)

·      Kyoto Conference and Pact on Global warming 1997

·      Global Environment Facility (GEF), 1998

Introduction

           In the Rio Conference, 1992, it was decided that because of the global warming, every state is required to take steps to reduce their emission of gases. However, there was no time limit set to achieve this.

     The following international conventions, conferences, etc., were made to take steps to control global warming:

·       Convention on Climatic Change1992 (Green House Effect)

·       Kyoto Conference and Pact on Global warming 1997

·       Global Environment Facility (GEF), 1998

Convention on Climatic Change1992 (Green House Effect)

     The conference which was held for the purpose of taking steps for controlling global warming. The combustion of coal, petrol and other ammunitions, etc., release large quantities of gases which harm the atmosphere.

   These gases are agents to warm up the atmosphere on earth and they cause ice to melt in the Polar Regions and the water emerging from the melting of ice release into the sea. The methane gas escapes into the atmosphere and its absorption of radiation will change earth climate.

   This absorption of infrared radiation from the surface of the earth leading to “Green House Effect”. Because of this effect there is increase in temperature leading to global warming.

 Green House Gases means those gaseous both natural and anthropogenic absorb and re-emit infrared radiation.

 The convention defined the adverse effects of climate change, climate system, emissions, greenhouse gases etc. I also lays down the objectives, principles, commitments, research and systematic observations, education training and public awareness, conference of the parties.

Kyoto Conference and Pact on Global warming 1997

    This is also called “World Climate Conference” or ‘UN Climate Conference’ in Kyoto. About 159 nations represented the conference.

          The following resolutions were adopted.

1.    The industrialized countries have to reduce their average annual emissions of greenhouse gases.

2.    There is binding limits on industrialized nations emissions of greenhouse gases.

3.    The nations must take steps to convert coal-fired power plants and more fuel efficient automobiles.

4.    Major polluters must cut down their heat traffic emissions

5.    Developing nations with advanced technologies must provide funds to promote clean industries.

Nations like USA, Japan, and European countries etc. are committed to cut gas emissions by 6-8%

Global Environment Facility (GEF), 1998

  The General assembly met in April 1998 for a three day programme on Global Environment Facility (GEF). The object of this meeting is to enforce strict emission laws and stipulate pollution level limits so that the globe is saved from ecological disaster.

 The following resolutions were made:

1.    To solve environmental problems, the allocation of funds is not adequate and hence increased fund is necessary.

2.    The National Governments and other International Organizations must address environmental problem and also explore the new avenues of fund.

3.    Both Environmental objectives and development objectives and these should be addressed as global problems.

4.    The Principles of Sustainable development must be formulated and strictly followed to save the earth from further degradation.